Chord substitutions survival guide pdf includes tab. But the results will be considerably more complex, as now we are superimposing a 4part structure instead of a 3part structure, and each note will need to play a coherent role. Though these chords offer a wide range of expression, musicians often want to add variety and surprise to their music. But dont let the secondary fool ya because they are very important when it comes to chord substitutions. The power of chord substitutions chord substitutions are one of the most powerful concepts in harmony, be it pop, jazz or any other. We already learned that two chords of the same harmonic function can be exchanged one for another without changing the harmonic function of the specific part. The minor 7th note is located a 7th above the root bottom note of the chord.
It helps you to understand and analyse the chord progression of any song much better. This chart makes it really obvious that the em and am chords each share two notes with the c chord. An introduction to chord substitutions for piano players. Reharmonizations and substitutions 7th chords and scale harmonization reharmonizing. A basic rule of thumb when substituting chords is that a chord can be substituted for another if the chords has at least. You can feel comfortable substituting either of these chords for the c major, and the melody will still usually sound good. The following chord substitutions work in a variety of. Seventh chords substitute for regular chords in the same fashion as minor and major chord substitutions. Chord substitution is the term used to describe the procedure to replace, add or change a chord in a chord progression. The qchord lets us quickly play a major, minor or 7th chord with just the touch of a single button.
Chord substitutions secrets to chord substitutions. These pairs of chords are, as the names suggest, related. See the following explanation of the chords before viewing the free pdf sheet of this chord substitution. Diatonic chord substitution of the many ways to add color and variety to a composition, harmony can be one of the more elusive.
The key signature just lets you know what key the song is based in, but you may find other notes that are foreign to the key. Much of the european classical repertoire and the vast majority of blues, jazz and rock music songs are based on chord progressions. We simply replace one chord with another one, and we have a chord substitution. There are some specific and even complicated rules for substitution, but the final arbiter of a successful chord substitution is how it sounds. But when the iii replaces the i, it becomes emin7amin7dmin7g7. I dorado schmitts guitar and stochelo rosenbergs guitar hi, sorry if this is answered elsewhere. Its important to note that in this example the vi chord has been made into a dominant 7 chord vi. This is as simple a substitution scenario as you can get. Nov 14, 2009 while we often talk about how blues is based around 7th chords, those are just suggested chords. The general chord substitution rule holds that chords that share two or more notes in common can be readily substituted for each other money chords. With a seemingly infinite palette of chords available to you at every turn, knowing which one to choose can seem like a combination of instinct and good fortune. Chord substitution chord substitution refers to the art of changing andor adding chords to a progression in order to create harmony that is different and more interesting.
A basic rule of thumb when substituting chords is that a chord can be substituted for another if the chords has at least two notes in common. Creative chord substitution for jazz guitar explains the technique of chord substitution as a tool to expand and vary existing harmonic progressions. Creative chord substitution for jazz guitar explains the technique of chord substitution as a tool to expand and vary existing harmonic. Colorful jazzblues chord substitutions guitar world. Chord substitution reharmonization simplifying theory. Recall in that past post how we paired certain primary chords with brothersister secondary chords. I also added an a7 in the beat before so that we have chromatically descending dominant 7 th chords. A trick some jazz guitarists use is to take minor chords and change them for corresponding dominant 7th chords substitution. Great explanation jerry lian gerbino 24th november 2009. Was waiting for more outside sound, too bad it had to end on tritone substitution.
Tritone substitution used in jazz chord progressions. Many chord substitutions are available suspended, diminished 7 th, etc. Ii7 bii7 imaj instead of ii7 v7 imaj7 because the bii7 has the same tritone and therefore resolves the same way into the tonic. The substitutions may have a quality and degree of function in common with the original chord, and often only differs by one or two notes, or they may be far more off the wall, flirting with other keys and modes temporarily, then with deft skill brought back to the home tonal centre. While we often talk about how blues is based around 7th chords, those are just suggested chords. The replacing seventh chord is related by having two notes in common with the replaced chord. This book is very effective in helping to develop this skill. Jun 16, 2017 the common chord progression you will see this happen in is the iviiiv. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading creative chord substitution for jazz guitar.
Mark watkins received his degrees from brigham young university and indiana university and has studied with eugene rousseau, daniel deffayet, ray. The chords in the windows to the right of the original chord represent frequently used substitutions. Changing the chord progression in a piece is also known as reharmonization. In reality you can substitute the 7th chords for 9th chords and you want to. In the past ive introduced the 12bar jazzblues progression, which is a more musically sophisticated cousin of the simpler onefourfive blues chord changes that most people are familiar with and serves as a more harmonically ambitious framework that jazz musicians almost universally prefer to solo over and use as a vehicle for improvising rich. Iiv substitution by cycles of hybrid chords g7 c7 7 d7 g7 c7 ab7db7gb7b7 c7 eb7ab7d7db7c7 60 iiv substitution by cycles of hybrid chords different quality d7 g7 c7 d7 g7 c7 bb7ab7d7db7c7 eb7eb7ab7co. Substituting chromatic chords within the iii vi ii v i progression for the sake of variety, coloration and creativity, composers or even players substitute chromatic chords chords that have one or more notes not in the key signature of the song. This works because both of these chords share many common tones. Its starting to sounds a little more sophisticated now, and this is only the beginning. Functional means that a dominant chord is substituting for a dominant chord and is still functioning in the same way. Its easier to call it a b2 sub or something similar. The simple fact is that simple chords sound simple, and our dm7g7c and dm7db7c are, lets face it, simple chords. Substitute guitar tab by the who, 1966 appears on meaty beaty big and bouncy, 1971 written by pete townshend 1966 trodevon music, inc.
Learn unlimited ways to harmonize melody lines and progressions jazz masters series kindle edition by arkin, eddie. The major seventh chord refers to where the seventh note is a major seventh above the root. Chord substitution is the term used to describe the procedure to replace, add or change a chord in a chord progression chord substitution is used to change an existing chord progression to create a new or different harmony. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. In music theory, chord substitution is the technique of using a chord in place of another in a progression of chords, or a chord progression. Again, if youre playing in the key of c, the v chord is g7 and the v of g is d7, so instead of playing cfg7, play cd7g7 instead. Creative chord substitution for jazz guitar explains the. Heres a blues in c based around 7th and 9th chords. Often they will utilize different tools to substitute chord changes and create more or different kinds of harmonic movement. Learn to play guitar by chord tabs using chord diagrams, transpose the key, watch video lessons and much more. Combining buttons gets us major 7ths, minor 7ths, augmented and diminished chords.
Advanced harmony with substitute seventh chords introduction to advanced harmonic concepts. Bottom line, dm the super tonic is a handy chord substitution for f the subdominant. Jazz chord substitution theory and applications we all get bored of the same thing if we have too much of it. Flat five substitution is a type of chord substitution, in which a functioning dominant seventh chord can be replaced by forming another dominant seventh chord, upon the diminished fifth from the original dominant seventh chords root.
Flat five substitution theory lesson ricmedia guitar. We use chord substitutions to create a different sound in the music. The 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 7th tones create what we call secondary chords. Mark watkins received his degrees from brigham young university and indiana university and has studied with eugene rousseau, daniel deffayet, ray smith, and yushi ishiwata and jazz with david baker. Remember, the more you practice and the more theory you know, the better youll sound and the better able youll be to play what you hear. This one is straight out of lesson 3 from blues guitar unleashed. Common tone substitution is a must have tool in your comping tool box. Jun 12, 2019 in the past ive introduced the 12bar jazzblues progression, which is a more musically sophisticated cousin of the simpler onefourfive blues chord changes that most people are familiar with and serves as a more harmonically ambitious framework that jazz musicians almost universally prefer to solo over and use as a vehicle for improvising rich, colorful melodies that allude to. For instance, a g major chord is made up of the notes g, b, and d. This is far and away the easiest and most common substitution, and in fact its the standard turnaround in jazz. Common tone substitutions of the harmonized major scale. Functional means that a dominant chord is substituting for a dominant chord and is still functioning in the same way the original chords did.
Handbook of chord substitutions paperback may 1, 1987 by andy laverne author 4. Where major and minor triads have 3 different notes, 7th chords have 4. But it doesnt cover all the chords that i find in music, so i came up with a chord substitution. The easiest kind of substitution is to swap a major chord with its relative minor, or a minor chord with its relative major. Some songs have them already in the chord progression, other times the player will actually play the substitute dominant instead of the regular or secondary dominant additionally, players will precede chords with substitute dominant chords to add more.
About the only thing i would use in a standards format might be a iim7 for the iv chord and maybe a iiim7 for the i, none of which really move harmony away. That gives us a clue over the function of the second degree chord in the scale. A diminished chord built one half step can be used in place of any 7b9 chord. Nov 24, 2009 was waiting for more outside sound, too bad it had to end on tritone substitution. Learn unlimited ways to harmonize melody lines and progressions. Theres a bit of a tritone feast in the last couple of bars starting with the b7 in bar 9. These chords have different qualities which produce different effects when played in a piece of music. Staying with the progression of c, am, f and g what other chords share the notes of the am chord. Substitute dominant chords, sometimes referred to as tritone substitutes, are some of my favorite chords in jazz.
This lesson, however, will focus on substitution of minor and major chords. For a jazz musician, being able to manipulate chords and progressions is an essential part of defining ones own personal musical style. Pdf creative chord substitution for jazz guitar download. Advanced harmony with substitute seventh chords hub guitar. The chords are interchangeable because the tritone interval pitches are identical in each. This is because those three chords share 2 or more common tones. Changing minor chords for dominant 7ths lets look at the two minor chords first. Substitution is when you are using other chords that are outer but doing the same function. Some songs have them already in the chord progression, other times the player will actually play the substitute dominant instead of the regular or secondary dominant additionally, players will precede chords with substitute dominant. Mar 28, 2014 chord substitution rules frederick burton the i chord when played for 4 beats can be substituted by the vim7 or the iiim7 chord of the same key. Substitute chords a simple jazz technique uninformed.
November 2009 edited november 2009 in gypsy jazz 101 posts. The tritone substitution is a dominant, or secondary dominant 7th chord whose root is a tritone 3 whole steps away from the original chord. How to use chord substitutions in the key of e major. This is a common practice in jazz and creates more voice leading. These chords are interchangeable because the tritone interval pitches are identical in each. Diatonic chord substitution theory and harmony lesson. Just as triads can be used to substitute chords, so can 7 th chords. The tritone substitution is a dominant 7th chord whose root is a tritone 3 whole steps away from the original dominant 7th chord. They are in fact two different expressions of the same tonality the scale is a horizontal expression, the chord a vertical expression of that tonality the complete chord contains, like. The common chord progression you will see this happen in is the iviiiv. A chord substitution occurs when a chord is replaced by another that is made to function like the original. This is important, because chords from different families tend to get handled in different ways when doing chord substitution. In the previous lesson on shell chords, we learned that you dont always have to play every single note in a chord. Nonfunctional or contextual substitution involves superimposing chords that have their own logic that is independent of the original chords and doesnt necessarily relate to the original chords.
Harmonizing the diatonic scale produces chords with different sounds. Jazz blues chord substitutions guide jamie holroyd guitar. Being able to take liberties with the harmony of a given tune is an. Tritone substitution is applied again at the beginning of bar 8. Heres an easy chord substitution for church pianists to use. Substitutions can be functional as in tritone substitutions or minor 3rd substitutions. Chord substitution often results from an attempt to provide smooth voice leading. Or they can be nonfunctional or contextual substitutions as david baker calls them as in coltrane changes or superimposing cycle changes over the blues or rhythm changes. The chord here was d7b5 which has now been replaced with ab7.
In fact, you can omit any note except for the 3rd and 7th guide tones of the chord and still retain the general sound or feel of the original chord. An introduction to chord substitutions on piano youtube. Every chord has other diatonic chords sharing notes, and while this is true, i will focus on the most usable relationships. Chord substitution is used to change an existing chord progression to create a new or different harmony.
Ive been playing guitar for around 30 years but only started using thumb chords last year. Its a mouth full i know, but the process is really quite simple, so lets go through the example below, step. It is fairly straight forward and is easily incorporated, giving you exponentially more options of chord voicings to choose from. You can get the pdf and the guitarpro files for these examples through my patreon page here. Substituting chords by karen daniels simply put, chord substitution is the use of one chord in place of another chord and using them is one way to give your music interest and a change in sound. Calling it a tritone substitution might be a bit misleading if you dont understand the full theory of it. Through previous lessons it has become clear that a scale or mode and the scaletone chord built on the tonic of that scale are closely related. When a i chord is leading into a iv chordadd a minor 7th to the i chord.
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